2017-01-2003:00

WARM WELCOME? Vice President Chen Chien-jen said that protesters should avoid the cold by sending representatives to Sunday’s meeting to discuss issuesBy Stacy Hsu / Staff reporterVice President Chen Chien-jen （陳建仁） yesterday unveiled details of the government’s draft pension reform plan, urging opponents to send representatives to a national affairs conference scheduled for Sunday.Speaking at an afternoon news conference at the Presidential Office, Chen said the draft was drawn up after 20 committee meetings, four regional forums and efforts to solicit opinions from all sectors of society.Chen said the draft plan aims to ensure that the nation’s various pension funds can be sustained for at least another generation, delaying estimations for bankruptcy of the Labor Insurance Fund by nine years to 2036, the public-school teachers’ pension fund by 12 years to 2043 and the Public Service Pension Fund by 14 years to 2044.“Our goal is to make sure that pension funds remain accessible generation after generation and be able to support insured people into their old age,” Chen said.Laying out several key elements of the proposed reforms, Chen said the controversy-dogged 18 percent preferential savings rate for retired public-sector employees taking monthly retirement payments would be lowered to 0 percent in three stages over six years.The saving rate is to be reduced every two years, falling to 9 percent, 6 percent and then 3 percent. It is to be 0 percent from the seventh year on.For those who take their pension as a lump sum, there are two proposed systems: Either the 9-6-3-0 process to reduce the interest rate as with monthly payments, or a separate plan of 12 percent for the first two years, 10 percent in years three and four, 8 percent in years five and six and 6 percent from year seven on.However, public servants whose monthly pension is below a specified floor — to be either NT$25,000 or NT$32,160 （US$791 or US$1,017） — are to retain the 18 percent preferential rate.Chen said that the government intends to cut the income replacement rate for public servants to “75 percent of two times a civil servant’s basic salary” and lower the rate by 1 percentage point each year until it is 60 percent of two times the basic salary.Under current pension plans, government employees receive pensions of up to 95 percent of their pre-retirement income, which is straining national coffers.To make pension funds more sustainable, the average used to determine payments is to be based on a longer timeframe. The proposal is for the average insured salary of the final 15 years of employment to be used to determine pensions, with that number to be reached by adding 12 months to the timeframe each year until the 15-year target is met.Also, the retirement age is to be increased to 65, except for professions of a special nature or those that involve dangerous activities, while the ceiling for labor insurance premiums paid by public servants, public-school teachers and private-sector workers is to be raised stepwise to 18 percent.Other highlights of the proposal include a scheme to allow employees to keep their work years when they switch jobs, including moves between the private sector and the public sector.“The money that is to be saved by lowering the income replacement rate for public servants and the cancelation of the 18 percent preferential rate will be put into the [Public Service Pension] Fund,” Chen said, adding that starting next year the government is to inject NT$20 billion into the Labor Insurance Fund annually.Minister Without Portfolio Lin Wan-i （林萬億）, who is deputy convener and executive director of the committee, said that as the nation has 13 different pension funds, the government plans two stages to reform such a complicated system.“We welcome various opinions at Sunday’s conference. They will be factored into the next stage,” Lin said.Asked to comment on a large-scale demonstration in front of the Presidential Office Building planned for Sunday by civil servants, Chen said that given falling temperatures, it would be better for opponents of the plans to send representatives to the conference, where their voices would be better heard.Additional reporting by CNA新聞來源：TAIPEI TIMES









記者劉致柔／綜合報導

頭皮跟頭髮，就像植物土壤跟照顧方法是一樣的，要讓植物長得好，土壤就要照顧好。假如你的頭皮受傷、髮根受損了，自然頭髮就沒辦法長得烏黑線上學英文單字英文家教班收費亮麗。

▲馮文瑋醫師（圖／記者黃克翔攝）

一天或一周洗一次都沒關係

馮文瑋皮膚專科時尚醫美診所院長馮文瑋醫師表示，洗頭的時候，不要用力去拉扯、搔抓頭髮，洗頭的力道拿捏是需要控制的。至於多久洗頭一次，其實沒有特別規定，依照頭皮的出油量來定，感到不舒服可以免費學英文發音多洗幾次，洗頭次數並不會造成你的落髮多寡。除非你使用了錯誤的洗頭方式，過度用力的拉扯頭皮。

頭皮屑變超多 洗髮精選擇要注意

洗髮精的選擇上，一般民眾不一定要選擇機能性的產品，因為洗髮精停留在頭皮的時間比較短，只要注意洗完不會過於乾澀就可以了。如果是脂漏性皮膚炎的患者，發現頭皮屑發生的狀況比較頻繁時，可以選擇含有焦油類、帶有療效的藥用洗髮精來改善症狀。若是情況較嚴重，記得向專業皮膚科診所諮詢。

▲買高單價吹風機前，先學會正確吹頭髮（圖／記者黃克翔攝）

使用吹風機 溫度是關鍵

市面上很熱銷的高單價吹風機，雖然沒有太特殊的效果，但是它的好處是可以設定吹風機溫度；傳統的吹風機，是採取直接加熱溫度的方式，比較難拿捏距離，很容易讓頭皮過熱而燙傷。

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從「金錢觀念」看年紀...年輕真好



中國時報【文╱呂雪彗、洪凱音整理】

李禮仲（國立台北商業大學連鎖加盟經營管理與法律研究中心執行長）: 政府在主導政策扮演很重要角色，難免會將手伸入，但到底是推手來幫忙，還是幫倒忙，這個議題很值得深入探討；以台新與彰銀的爭議來看，前後經歷陳水扁、馬英九、蔡英文三屆總統任期，執政黨換人、政策搖擺，很明顯的是已對台新造成損害，政府當然要負相當的責任，政策不確定性已影響老百姓、企業的權益。

政府在經濟上扮演興利、防弊、危機處理與維持公平競爭等4個重要角色，美國之所以成為最強資本市場，是因為建國時期就立定很多重要案例、法規，特別是美國憲法提及保護契約條款，簡言之，不論個人、法人財產都該受到保護，只要私人契約或與政府立定的契約，都一視同仁受保護。

政府的行政行為，就信賴原則來看，理應不溯及既往，除非像黨產這類例外案子，而政府與企業訂立契約前，應明訂什麼條件成立下可變更契約，若沒有事前講清楚、說明白，契約訂立下去就等於成立了；而台新案人民與政府產生信賴以後，政府政策搖擺、不斷地做更正，民眾對政府的信賴原則，會造成很大打擊。

世界銀行於2007年公告，最適合企業經營環境的國家，前3名依序為新加坡、紐西蘭、美國，而最適合企業經營的環境中，最重要的10項標準包括照顧員工、取得信賴、契約執行等，顯現契約執行是很重要的一環。

契約執行 企業經營重要標準

1992年宣告台灣市場完全自由化，彰銀已經不太適用獨占性原則，政府不該再繼續介入彰銀的經營。台新彰銀案究竟是經營權或所有權的轉讓，法院要確定契約的內容。基於信賴保護原則，政府不應因為政策改變，造成私人企業權益受損。

彰銀案的契約履行，行政院可採取行政處理，或司法判決處理，如果法院處理，財政部及台新金法院二審判決出爐，若恢復契約主旨，雙方都不要再上訴。

如果行政處理也很好，可利用政黨輪替轉換，繼續履行與台新金契約，張盛和把董監席次變化，十五席中九席完全主導，監察人由審計委員會取代，由董事長主導經營權，如要變換，趁今年六月董監改選機會，只要財政部稍為不積極作為，台新即可獲得原來履約部分，至於股份台新金可透過市場機制處理，即使公股要釋股也會透過公開程序，沒有圖利的問題。

履行契約保護 經濟有明天

倘若台新金履行契約過程有意外，有保留條款的設計，可依約處理，而不是用政治性變化或政黨輪替改變契約的內容，如此有悖信賴保護原則，政府應扮演信賴原則的捍衛者，不宜自己球員兼裁判，對契約神聖予以挑戰。

契約原則若不保護，對國內及國外投資人影響很大，最近國際評比對台灣經商及投資環境看好度降低，對台灣投資信心動搖，主要講的是高鐵、台新彰銀案，及小巨蛋，期盼政府從台新金案履行契約的神聖及保護，讓投資環境變得更好，如此才能帶動就業，經濟才能發展有明天。

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